VOLUME 15 NUMBER 2 (July to December 2022)

Ernesto M. Pernia

Professor Emeritus, School of Economics, University of the Philippines
     Diliman, Quezon City Philippines
Secretary of Socioeconomic Planning,
     National Economic and Development Authority,
     Republic of the Philippines (2016-2020)

The Philippines three types of infrastructure sorely need major improvements to be in step with its Asean neighbors, let alone the rest of the world’s emerging economies. These are cited in order of priority, requiring serious attention from the government and society at large, along with the requisite budgetary support. This is a veritable challenge, especially now, given the government’s binding fiscal constraint, with debt-to-GDP ratio at about 62 percent and budget deficit hovering over 8 percent.